OK
https://www.cfr.org/blog/cameroons-failure-politics
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Runtime: 35.9s
On November 21, 2024, 12:24 PM UTC, https://www.cfr.org/blog/cameroons-failure-politics was accessible when tested on AS15964 in Cameroon.
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DNS Queries
Resolver:
172.253.230.22
Query:
IN A www.cfr.org
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system
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@
IN
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104.18.9.238
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IN
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104.18.8.238
TCP Connections
Connection to 104.18.9.238:443 succeeded.
Connection to 104.18.8.238:443 was blocked.
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GET https://www.cfr.org/blog/cameroons-failure-politics
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<div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2020/10/climate.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Introduction Over the last several decades, governments have collectively pledged to slow global warming. But despite intensified diplomacy, the world is already facing the consequences of climate…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Backgrounder</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Lindsay Maizland</span> <span class="card-article__date"> December 5, 2023</span> <a href="/index.php/programs/renewing-america" class="card-article__series"> Renewing America </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/defense-and-security" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Defense & Security</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/diplomacy-and-international-institutions" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Diplomacy & International Institutions</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/economics" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Economics</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/energy-and-environment" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Energy & Environment</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/health" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Health</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/human-rights" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Human Rights</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/politics-and-government" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Politics & Government</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/social-issues" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Social Issues</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-header__nav-list-item main-header__nav-list-item--with-dropdown"> <a href="/regions" class="main-header__nav-list-item-link">Regions</a> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/index.php/asia/myanmar" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Myanmar </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/index.php/backgrounder/myanmar-history-coup-military-rule-ethnic-conflict-rohingya " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Myanmar’s Troubled History</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2021/02/myanmarbgr.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Introduction Throughout its decades of independence, Myanmar has struggled with military rule, civil war, poor governance, and widespread poverty. A military coup in February 2021 dashed hopes for…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Backgrounder</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Lindsay Maizland</span> <span class="card-article__date"> January 31, 2022</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/americas" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Americas</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/asia" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Asia</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/europe-and-eurasia" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Europe & Eurasia</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/global-commons" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Global Commons</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/middle-east-and-north-africa" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Middle East & North Africa</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/oceania" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Oceania</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/sub-saharan-africa" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-header__nav-list-item main-header__nav-list-item--with-dropdown"> <a href="/explainers" class="main-header__nav-list-item-link">Explainers</a> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/health" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Health </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/how-new-tobacco-control-laws-could-help-close-racial-gap-us-cancer " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2023/01/GettyImages-1409152899_Resized_0.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">During the 2020 presidential campaign, Joe Biden promised that his administration would make a “historic effort” to reduce long-running racial inequities in health. Tobacco use—the leading cause of p…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Interactive</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Olivia Angelino, <a href="/expert/thomas-j-bollyky" class="card-article__authors-link">Thomas J. Bollyky</a>, Elle Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli</span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 1, 2023</span> <a href="/programs/global-health-program" class="card-article__series"> Global Health Program </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/backgrounders" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Backgrounders</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/inbriefs" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">In Briefs</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/podcasts" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Podcasts</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/videos" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Videos</a> </li> 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class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article card-article-book-report card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/politics-and-government/democracy" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Democracy </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/report/foreign-influence-and-democratic-governance " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Foreign Influence and Democratic Governance</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <picture> <source media="all and (min-width: 1280px)" type="image/webp" width="380" height="253" data-srcset="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/featured_content_image/public/image/2024/10/AP24163746645704_brighter%20%281%29.jpg.webp 1x"/> <source media="all and (max-width: 1279px) and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="380" height="253" data-srcset="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/featured_content_image/public/image/2024/10/AP24163746645704_brighter%20%281%29.jpg.webp 1x"/> <source media="all and (max-width: 1023px) and (min-width: 750px)" type="image/webp" width="380" height="253" data-srcset="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/featured_content_image/public/image/2024/10/AP24163746645704_brighter%20%281%29.jpg.webp 1x"/> <source media="all and (max-width: 749px)" type="image/webp" width="380" height="253" data-srcset="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/featured_content_image/public/image/2024/10/AP24163746645704_brighter%20%281%29.jpg.webp 1x"/> <img width="380" height="253" alt="" loading="lazy" class="lazyload" data-src="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/featured_content_image/public/image/2024/10/AP24163746645704_brighter%20%281%29.jpg.webp" /> </picture> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div 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href="/blog/africa-transition" class="series-tag__link"> Africa in Transition</a>, <a href="/programs/africa-program" class="series-tag__link"> Africa Program</a>, and <a href="/project/preparing-leadership-transitions-africa" class="series-tag__link"> Preparing for Leadership Transitions in Africa</a> </section> </div> <h1 class="article-header-blog__title">Cameroon’s Failure of Politics</h1> <div class="article-header-blog__media"> <figure class="article-header-blog__figure"> <img src="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/slide_3_2/public/image/2018/07/Cameroon-Elections-Biya-Politics.webp" alt="A campaign billboard featuring Cameroon's President Paul Biya is seen in the Makolo market a day before the country's presidential election in Yaounde October 8, 2011." class="article-header-blog__image" /> <figcaption class="article-header-blog__caption"> A campaign billboard featuring Cameroon's President Paul Biya is seen in the Makolo market a day before the country's presidential election in Yaounde October 8, 2011. <span class="article-header-blog__credit">Akintunde Akinleye/Reuters</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="article-header-blog__metadata"> <div class="article-header-blog__authors"> <span class="article-header-blog__tooltip-control" data-tooltip="Blog posts represent the views of CFR fellows and staff and not those of CFR, which takes no institutional positions. ">Blog Post</span> by <a href="/expert/michelle-gavin" class="article-header-blog__author-link">Michelle Gavin</a> </div> <div class="article-header-blog__date">July 25, 2018 9:57 am (EST)</div> <div class="article-header-blog__social"> <div class="share-kit share-kit--icon-color-brown share-kit--bg-color-beige share-kit--theme-none" data-share-anchor="" data-share-query="" data-share-name="Cameroon’s Failure of Politics" data-share-description="Cameroon is a country in crisis. Longstanding tensions between the center and periphery have morphed into brutal conflicts, with government forces confronting Boko Haram in the north and Anglophone separatists in the west. Over one hundred eighty thousand people have been displaced." data-share-caption="" data-share-picture="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/image/2018/07/Cameroon-Elections-Biya-Politics.jpg" data-share-type="article" > <div class="share-kit__icons"> <button class="share-kit__hotspot share-kit__facebook" onclick="CFR.Share.facebook(this)"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-facebook" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M16 8.049c0-4.446-3.582-8.05-8-8.05C3.58 0-.002 3.603-.002 8.05c0 4.017 2.926 7.347 6.75 7.951v-5.625h-2.03V8.05H6.75V6.275c0-2.017 1.195-3.131 3.022-3.131.876 0 1.791.157 1.791.157v1.98h-1.009c-.993 0-1.303.621-1.303 1.258v1.51h2.218l-.354 2.326H9.25V16c3.824-.604 6.75-3.934 6.75-7.951z" class="icon-fill"/> </svg> </button> <button class="share-kit__hotspot share-kit__twitter" onclick="CFR.Share.twitter(this)"> <svg viewBox="0 0 1350 1377" class="icon icon-twitter" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="none" class="icon-fill" /> </svg> </button> <button class="share-kit__hotspot share-kit__linkedin" onclick="CFR.Share.linkedin(this)"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-linkedin" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M0 1.146C0 .513.526 0 1.175 0h13.65C15.474 0 16 .513 16 1.146v13.708c0 .633-.526 1.146-1.175 1.146H1.175C.526 16 0 15.487 0 14.854V1.146zm4.943 12.248V6.169H2.542v7.225h2.401zm-1.2-8.212c.837 0 1.358-.554 1.358-1.248-.015-.709-.52-1.248-1.342-1.248-.822 0-1.359.54-1.359 1.248 0 .694.521 1.248 1.327 1.248h.016zm4.908 8.212V9.359c0-.216.016-.432.08-.586.173-.431.568-.878 1.232-.878.869 0 1.216.662 1.216 1.634v3.865h2.401V9.25c0-2.22-1.184-3.252-2.764-3.252-1.274 0-1.845.7-2.165 1.193v.025h-.016a5.54 5.54 0 0 1 .016-.025V6.169h-2.4c.03.678 0 7.225 0 7.225h2.4z" class="icon-fill"/> </svg> </button> <button class="share-kit__hotspot share-kit__print-filled" onclick="CFR.Share.print(this)"> <svg viewBox="0 0 17 17" class="icon icon-print-filled" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Print</title> <g class="icon-fill" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M13.985 4.973V2.92h-2.911V.212a.21.21 0 0 0-.21-.21H3.142a.21.21 0 0 0-.21.21v4.971h10.843a.21.21 0 0 0 .21-.21m2.923 1.062a.202.202 0 0 0-.202-.202H.202A.201.201 0 0 0 0 6.035l.021 7.695c0 .[scrubbed].202h2.085v-4.97c0-.47.382-.853.852-.853h10.63c.47 0 .851.382.851.852v4.971h2.086a.203.203 0 0 0 .202-.202l-.02-7.695z"/> <path d="M10.774 11.66H6.176a.326.326 0 0 1 0-.65h4.598a.324.324 0 1 1 0 .65m0 2.921H6.176a.326.326 0 0 1 0-.65h4.598a.324.324 0 1 1 0 .65M13.79 8.76H3.16a.201.201 0 0 0-.201.202v7.67c0 .[scrubbed].201H13.79a.203.203 0 0 0 .202-.202v-7.67a.202.202 0 0 0-.202-.202m.195-6.469h-2.08a.21.21 0 0 1-.21-.21V0l2.29 2.29z"/> </g> </svg> </button> <button class="share-kit__hotspot share-kit__e-mail-filled" onclick="CFR.Share.email(this)"> <svg viewBox="0 0 23 14" class="icon icon-e-mail-filled" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Email</title> <path d="M.915 0l10.258 7.808L21.673 0H.915zm10.258 8.804L0 .297V14h22.615V.297L11.173 8.804z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="main-wrapper__article-body"> <aside class="right-rail"> </aside> <div class="highlight-to-share"> <div class="body-content"><body><p>Cameroon is a country in crisis. Longstanding tensions between the center and periphery have morphed into brutal conflicts, with government forces confronting Boko Haram in the north and Anglophone separatists in the west. Over one hundred eighty thousand people have been displaced. The horrific <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/07/cameroon-credible-evidence-that-army-personnel-responsible-for-shocking-extrajudicial-executions-caught-on-video/" title="evidence of extrajudicial killings" target="_blank">evidence of extrajudicial killings</a> by security forces that emerged in recent weeks has underscored the severity of the country’s troubles. But this fall’s election will likely produce more of the same. </p> <p>Paul Biya, who has served as Cameroon’s president for thirty-six years, is the odds-on favorite to win yet another term of office in elections slated for this October. Typically a vote for an incumbent is a vote to stay the course. But do Cameroonians, over 60 percent of whom are under the age of twenty-five, believe that their country is headed in the right direction?</p><section class="more-on desktop-only "> <p class="more-on__title">More on:</p> <p class="more-on__content"> <a href="/sub-saharan-africa/cameroon" class="more-on__link">Cameroon</a> </p> <p class="more-on__content"> <a href="/search?keyword=Paul+Biya" class="more-on__link">Paul Biya</a> </p> <p class="more-on__content"> <a href="/politics-and-government/elections-and-voting" class="more-on__link">Elections and Voting</a> </p> <p class="more-on__content"> <a href="/politics-and-government" class="more-on__link">Politics and Government</a> </p> <p class="more-on__content"> <a href="/sub-saharan-africa" class="more-on__link">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> </p> </section> <p>By some indicators, Cameroon is faring well. Economic growth has generally been strong despite a slowdown in the past couple of years, and reported unemployment is admirably low, especially compared to neighboring states. But many still live in poverty, and the country ranks among the twenty-five worst in the world on Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index. The disconnect between narratives of stability and progress and those of desperation and disenfranchisement is profound.</p> <section class="desktop-only newsletter-form-article default-embed"> <div id="subscription-breaker" class="newsletter-tout "> <div class="newsletter-tout__content-wrapper"> <div class="newsletter-tout__form newsletter-tout__initial" id="4aa42e53-7b57-4b66-aec1-bc56b356084e"> <h3 class="newsletter-tout__title"> <div>Africa in Transition</div> </h3> <div class="newsletter-tout__blurb"> <div><p>Michelle Gavin, Ebenezer Obadare, and other experts track political and security developments across sub-Saharan Africa. 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You are also agreeing to our <a href="https://www.cfr.org/privacy-policy" title="Privacy Policy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/terms-use" title="Terms of Use" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a>.</div><div class="newsletter-tout__form-container email-signup-form__container js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-container" id="edit-container"><input class="embedded__newsletter-submitbtn button-container__btn button js-form-submit form-submit" id="post-signup-submit" data-drupal-selector="post-signup-submit" type="submit" name="op" value="Subscribe"> <div class="newsletter-tout__viewall"> <a href="https://link.cfr.org/join/66n/signup&hash=2d4c5929e9e04cc42f5cd375fb8dcfb1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="View all newsletters >">View all newsletters <span>></span></a> </div></div> </div><input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="form-w3jeshjl3y-ksmf3mlkltz1d3r7givhrl6j6djgm-pc" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-W3jeshjl3y-KSMF3MlKLTz1D3R7gIvhrL6J6djGM_Pc"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-embedded-form-2" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="embedded-form-2"> </form> </div> </div> </section> <p>Unlike many long-serving leaders, Biya is not an omnipresent part of Cameroonians’ day-to-day realities. Criticized as an “absentee” president because of his frequent and long sojourns abroad, Biya operates at a figurative and often literal remove from his constituents. His cabinet rarely meets, and his stated reason for seeking yet another seven years in office is simply that the people’s <a href="https://www.apnews.com/de4a14cc886243c3be6b551acdace9e7" title="“overwhelming calls”" target="_blank">“overwhelming calls”</a> have demanded he do so. A bold new approach to address what ails the country seems unlikely to be forthcoming. Yet the country’s opposition is fractured and often feckless—some twenty-eight candidates have filed to contest the presidential election, and another twenty signed on to support Biya’s candidacy. </p> <p>The very systems of democratic representation and accountability, of debate and coalition-building, that should be working to reconcile the country seem hopelessly broken. Perhaps it is no surprise that some are reaching for radical solutions like secession. Cameroon seems to be experiencing not just an absence of effective leadership, but a total failure of politics. <br> </p><section class="more-on mobile-only "> <p class="more-on__title">More on:</p> <p class="more-on__content"> <a href="/sub-saharan-africa/cameroon" class="more-on__link">Cameroon</a> </p> <p class="more-on__content"> <a href="/search?keyword=Paul+Biya" class="more-on__link">Paul Biya</a> </p> <p class="more-on__content"> <a href="/politics-and-government/elections-and-voting" class="more-on__link">Elections and Voting</a> </p> <p class="more-on__content"> <a href="/politics-and-government" class="more-on__link">Politics and Government</a> </p> <p class="more-on__content"> <a href="/sub-saharan-africa" class="more-on__link">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> </p> </section> </body></div> </div> <div class="creative-commons"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" class="creative-commons__open-link" target="_blank"> <div class="creative-commons__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-creative-commons"> <title>Creative Commons</title> <path d="M11.794 0c3.305 0 6.118 1.154 8.44 3.46a11.363 11.363 0 0 1 2.53 3.809 12.03 12.03 0 0 1 .866 4.546c0 1.618-.285 3.134-.854 4.547a10.847 10.847 0 0 1-2.521 3.745 12.142 12.142 0 0 1-3.925 2.616 11.762 11.762 0 0 1-4.536.907c-1.56 0-3.055-.298-4.483-.896a11.885 11.885 0 0 1-3.84-2.595 11.768 11.768 0 0 1-2.585-3.83A11.587 11.587 0 0 1 0 11.815c0-1.561.299-3.062.896-4.504a11.864 11.864 0 0 1 2.606-3.872C5.752 1.147 8.516 0 11.794 0zm.042 2.131c-2.7 0-4.972.943-6.815 2.827A10.165 10.165 0 0 0 2.88 8.134a9.306 9.306 0 0 0-.75 3.682c0 1.266.25 2.486.75 3.66a9.788 9.788 0 0 0 2.14 3.144 9.737 9.737 0 0 0 3.144 2.11 9.472 9.472 0 0 0 3.671.728 9.537 9.537 0 0 0 3.683-.738 10.205 10.205 0 0 0 3.217-2.13c1.842-1.801 2.763-4.059 2.763-6.774a9.72 9.72 0 0 0-.717-3.713 9.447 9.447 0 0 0-2.088-3.123c-1.9-1.9-4.185-2.849-6.858-2.849zm-.148 7.723l-1.583.823c-.169-.351-.376-.598-.622-.739-.246-.14-.475-.21-.686-.21-1.054 0-1.582.695-1.582 2.088 0 .633.133 1.139.4 [scrubbed].662.57 [scrubbed] 0 1.175-.338 1.457-1.013l1.455.739a3.471 3.471 0 0 1-3.101 1.856c-1.055 0-1.907-.323-2.554-.97-.647-.647-.97-1.547-.97-2.7 0-1.126.327-2.019.981-2.68.654-.66 1.48-.992 2.48-.992 1.463 0 2.51.57 3.143 1.709zm5.254.823c-.169-.351-.377-.598-.623-.739a1.435 1.435 0 0 0-.706-.21c-1.055 0-1.583.695-1.583 2.088 0 .633.134 1.139.4 [scrubbed].661.57 [scrubbed] 0 1.174-.338 1.455-1.013l1.477.739a3.627 3.627 0 0 1-1.308 1.36 3.41 3.41 0 0 1-1.793.496c-1.07 0-1.924-.323-2.563-.97-.641-.647-.96-1.547-.96-2.7 0-1.126.326-2.019.98-2.68.654-.66 1.48-.992 2.48-.992 1.462 0 2.504.57 3.122 1.709l-1.561.823z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </div> <div class="creative-commons__text"> Creative Commons: Some rights reserved. </div> </a> <div class="creative-commons__license"> <div class="creative-commons__license-triangle"> <div class="creative-commons__license-triangle-border"></div> <div class="creative-commons__license-triangle-fill"></div> </div> <div class="creative-commons__close-icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 25 25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-close"> <title>Close</title> <path d="M10.417 12.5L0 22.917 2.083 25 12.5 14.583 22.917 25 25 22.917 14.583 12.5 25 2.083 22.917 0 12.5 10.417 2.083 0 0 2.083 10.417 12.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </div> <div class="creative-commons__license-info">This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License.</div> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" class="creative-commons__license-extlink" target="_blank">View License Detail</a> </div> </div> <div class="chapters"> <div class="chapters__btn-toggle"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 11" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-up-arrow"> <path d="M1 10l9.09-8.333L19.183 10" class="icon-stroke" fill="none"/> </svg> </div> <div class="chapters__nav"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div id="block-blogstransporter"> <section class="explore-more " data-transporter-nid="194685"> <div class="explore-more__content"> <h3 class="explore-mo
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